Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Slavery Issues Of Slavery Between North And South - 848 Words

Slavery Issues The issues of slavery between North and South was indirectly the cause of the beginning of civil war. Since the North changed their minds about the black population, they had a difficult time with the South, with they believe that Africans had to serve white people. So the problem between the North and South wasn’t something new, it was happening since the government was trying to prevent spread out of the slavery across America, as a result, South started to create, manipulate, and change the laws in their territories to keep the control of the slaves. Also, they had the idea to hide all laws that the North created to favor the slaves. For example, all the mails that came from North, they immediately destroy them to keep the people of southern completely incommunicado from the new laws. Another measure that they made was to make the North believe that Africans were happy to be a slave in the South, in other words, they created propaganda showing the slaves having a good life in the South. Because they was playing with the life of the black people, showing that they will do whatever to avoid lose the law that they had to use black people as slaves. But the real situation that cause the beginning of the civil war was the final decision that south made to protect their slaves. By separating from United States and becoming an independent country, the South obtained the capacity to ignore future treatise about slavery. That is why the civil war began in America,Show MoreRelatedThe Election Of 1848 And Emerging Sectional Divide Between The North And The South Over The Issue Of Slavery1708 Words   |  7 PagesSemester Long Research Paper The election of 1848 revealed and emerging sectional divide between the north and the south over the issue of slavery. The was the 16th presidential election held on November 7, 1848. Zachary Taylor, who was a member of the Whig party won over Martin Van Buren of the free soil party. Slavery was defined as a legal or economic system in which principles of property law were applied to humans allowing them to be classified as property, to be owned, bought and sold accordinglyRead MoreSlavery During The 19th Century1636 Words   |  7 Pagesyears of the 19th century, slavery was more than ever turning into a sectional concern, such that the nation had essentially become divided along regional lines. Based on economic or moral reasoning, people of the Northern states were increasingly in support of opposition to slavery, all the while Southerners became united to defend the institution of slavery. Brought on by profound changes including regional differences in the pattern of slavery in the upper and lower South, as well as the movementRead MoreThe Battle Between The Union And A Separate Entity Called The Confederacy1688 Words   |  7 PagesThe fight between the union and a separate entity called the confederacy was a profound event in American History, but how did this development evolve? Slavery and democracy had existed for many years, making the Civil War avoidable, yet the course of events still led the United States to the outcome stated above. In order for one to understand this change, one must try to piece together the many instances that would tell him/her the reasons for a Civil War as destructive as the one fought in theRead MoreThe North And South Were Divided Into Two Sections Essay914 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Antebellum period, the North and South were divided into two sections. The North opposed slavery while the South believed that it ultimately benefitted society, creating conflicting views on many different issues. The issues that were brough t about during the antebellum period between the North and the South were centered around what type of societies slavery created. Although the North and South had some similarities during the antebellum period, the North and South were consistently more differentRead MorePrimary Cause Of The Civil War Essay838 Words   |  4 Pageshistorians argue that slavery was the primary cause of the American Civil War, whereas others argue that slavery may have been a reason, but not the primary cause of the Civil War. They argued that the main reason of the Civil War was State’s rights were being jeopardized, which led to the State’s seceding from the Union. Starting off, the Civil War began because the south wanted slavery mainly because they wanted to have workers without having to pay them. Which allowed the South to make more moneyRead MoreThe Main Cause Of The Breakup Of The Union1628 Words   |  7 PagesSlavery was the main cause of the breakup of the Union and influenced other factors, such as territorial expansion, industrialization and economic tensions, and political alignments. Combined, all of these conflicts, with slavery at the root, led to the conflicts in the nation that started the Civil War. The issue of slavery caused conflict regarding new territories, economic stratification, and political turmoil. All of these tensions served to divide the nation, North against South, to startRead MoreLecture 37 : Sectional Tensions Escalate1323 Words   |  6 PagesEscalate 1. Did the North and South have good reasons to fear each other’s influence on the course of national affairs? Yes, I believe the North and the South had good reasons to fear each other’s influence on the course of national affairs. If a president was elected, and he supported slavery, then the South’s power, or influence, would affect federal decisions such as new states becoming slave states. The North did support slavery, but did not want slavery to expand, thus the North was at unease ifRead MoreThe Union Into Civil War1549 Words   |  7 PagesSlavery, in itself, was the most predominant reason for the breakup of the Union. It fundamentally divided the Free northern states and the Slave southern states, causing immediate tension. However, it was the various conflicts resultant of the central issue of slavery that truly plunged the Union into Civil War. The foremost of these tensions dealt with new territories, particularly those gained in the Mexican cession. The Mexican War was the direct result of â€Å"Manifest Destiny,† or the beliefRead MoreThe Causes Of Th e Civil War1409 Words   |  6 Pagesinclude; states’ rights, economics, and slavery. The most recognizable and popular cause is slavery. The freeing of the slaves was an important moral issue at the time and one of the greatest causes of the civil war. It was only by carefully avoiding the moral issue involved in slavery that Northerners and Southerners could meet on any common ground. (Goldston, 79). The time came in which our great country would finally address the moral issue of slavery. Although there are many different causesRead MoreThe Cause of the Civil War800 Words   |  4 Pagesbelief, the Civil War was mainly provoked by the North; through using the federal government to overtake the South, removing slavery which would destroy Southern economy, and creating the moral issue of slavery. The North was the primary reason for the start of a war that ripped our country apart. The North had full control over the federal government and used that to suppress the Southern states by creating laws that only benefitted the North. The South felt the corrupt government was unfair and they

Monday, December 16, 2019

Factor Influencing Mortar Selection Free Essays

1 Independent Study Proposal 50731710 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. We will write a custom essay sample on Factor Influencing Mortar Selection or any similar topic only for you Order Now †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 15 2552 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. 2 2552 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ( ) ( ) ? 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( ) ( ) ( ) 115,000 113,013 -1,988 -1. 73% 200,000 178,763 -21,237 -10. 62% 260,000 166,207 -93,793 -36. 07% 330,000 400,000 1 1 2 3 6 2549 2550 2551 2552 2553 SMC ( ) TPI-PL ( ) SCCC ( ) ( ) 1,530,000 603,738 371,943 113,013 441,307 1,630,000 682,807 436,025 178,763 332,405 1,730,000 739,575 513,810 166,207 310,408 1,850,000 1,970,000 2 SMC 39. 46% 41. 89% 42. 75% TPI-PL 24. 31% 26. 75% 29. 70% SCCC 7. 39% 10. 97% 9. 61% 28. 84% 20. 39% 17. 94% 2549 2550 2551 2552 2553 3 ? 7 ? 1. 2. 3. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1. 2. ? 3. 1. ?.?. 2549 2. ? ? 3. 8 1. (1450 ? C) 2. ? 9 2 ? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. (Organization Buying) Marketing Mix) 4 1. (Sole proprietorship) (Allyn and Bacon, 1987) ? 10 ( , 2549) ? 2. (Limited Partnership) (Allyn and Bacon, 1987) (Limited partnership) ? 1 ? ? ( , 2549) (Limited partnership) 2 ? ? 11 3. (Corporation) (Straub/Attner, 1985) ? ( , 2549) 7 ? ? ? ? ? 12 4. ( ) (Public Company) ( , 2552) ?.?.?. ?.?. ? ? 535 ? ? ? ( ) Public Limited Company ? Plc PLC (Public Limited Company) private Pcl PCL (Public Company Limited) ?. 15 5 ? ?. 100 0. 6 50 ? ? ? 10 ?. 5 20 100 ? (Trewatha Newport, 1982) ? ? 4 (.. , 2552) ? ? 13 1 2 ? 3 1. â€Å" † ? 2. 14 3. ? ? ? ? 1. 2. 3. 3 4. 5. 2 ? 6. ? 4 1. (Top Management) ? 2. (Manager) 2 15 3. (Frontline manage or Supervisor or Group leader) (Foreman) 1 ? 4. (Staff) 4 ? 1. 2. 3. 4. ? ? ( . , 2552) ? ( ) 8 1. 1 9 2. 2 9 3. 1 10 4. 2 9 5. 8 16 6. 9 7. 15 ? 8. 6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 4 4 10 10 50 50 100 100 1,000 1,000 (Organization Buying) (Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller, 2006) 1. 17 2. 3. ? 3 ? 1. (Straight re-buy) ? 2. (Modified re-buy) ? ? 3. (New task) (Awareness) (Interest) (Evaluation) (Trial) (Adoption) ? 8 ? (Buying Center) 7 1. (Initiators) 2. (Users) 3. (Influencers) 4. (Deciders) 5. (Approvers) 6. (Buyers) 19 7. (Gatekeepers) ? ? ? ? 4 ? 2 1. (Environmental factors) ? ? 20 2. (Organization factors) ? ? (Purchasing-department upgrading) (Centralized purchasing) (Decentralized purchasing) Long contract) (Purchasing performance evaluation and buyer’s professional development) 3. (Interpersonal factors) ? ? ? 4. (Individual factors) ? ? ? 21 ? ? ? ( , 2541) ? 8 1. (Problem recognition) ? 2. (General need description) ? 1 3. (Product specification) 4. (Supplier search) ? 5. (Proposal solicitation) 6. (Supplier selection) ? ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. 22 ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. . (Order routine specification) ? 8. (Performance review) (Marketing Mix) (Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller. 2006) ? 4 23 Four Ps ( ) (Product), (Price), (Place) (Promotion) 3 (Product) (Attention) Acquisition) (Using) (Consumption) ? 5 24 1. (Core Product) ? 2. Generic Product) 3. (Expected Product) 4. (Augmented Product) ? ? ? 5. (Potential Product) ? ? ? 5 ? 1. Tangible Product) ? ? ? (Consumer goods) (Industrial goods) (Consumer goods) 25 (End User) (Industrial goods) ? 2. (Intangible Product) ? (Service) ? ? (Price) 2 26 1. (Company Objective) 2. (Character of Product) 1. (Demand) 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. ? 6 1. (Total Revenue) 2. (Profit) ? 3. (Quantity) ? 4. (Competition) 27 5. (Social) 6. (Image) ? (Place) ? (End User) (Industrial User) (Transfer Point) ? 1. 2. 3. 4. ( ) 5. 6. ?. 28 ?. ?. 7. ( ) ?. ?. ? ? ?. ? ?. ? (Promotion) ? 4Cs ? 29 1. (Advertising) ? 5Ms ?. (Mission) ?. (Money) ?. (Message) ?. (Media) ?. (Measurement) 2. (Sales Promotion) ? ? 3 ?. (Communication) ?. (Incentive) ? ?. Invitation) 3. (Public Relation) ? (Marketing Public Relation, MPR) ?. (Launch new products) ?. (Repositioning) 30 ?. ?. ?. ?. ? 4. (Personal Selling) 3 ?. ? (Personal Confrontation) ?. ? (Cultivation) ?. (Response) 5. (Direct Marketing) (Direct Mail) (Telemarketing) 4 ? ?. (Nonpublic) ?. (Customized) ?. (Up-to-date) ?. (Interactive) 31 (2544) 20-29 30-39 6-10 ? (2545) , ? 32 (2545) 30-39 ? 20,000-29,999 ? ? ? (2548) ? ? ? 30-39 10,000 3 10 ? ? 33 ( ) ? ? ? ? ? 34 4 5 35 1. 2. 3. 4. 36 3 ? 1. (Primary Data) 2. Secondary Data) ? 1. ? ? 37 2. ? (Infinite population) n = N / (1+N. e2) n N e 10 % 0. 1 ? 90% 100 ? 1 2 3 38 (Pretest) ( ) 30 (Validity) (Difficulty) (Usability) ? (Reliability) 1. (Validity) ? (Content Validity) (Construct Validity) 2. Difficulty) ? 3. (Usability) 4. (Reliability) ? 39 (Reliability) (Pre-test) 30 ? Alpha _________ 1. (Non-Probability Sampling) (Convenient Sampling) ? 2. – 2552 08. 00 – 17. 00 ?. 2 100 1. (Editing) 2. (Coding) 40 3. 5 = = = = = 5 4 3 2 1 4. How to cite Factor Influencing Mortar Selection, Papers

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Strategic Management Competitive Advantage

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management for Competitive Advantage. Answer: Introduction Competition refers to a specific act of striving against another force with the aim of establishing market dominance, achieving a significant portion of reward, or attaining the prearranged goals for facilitating the practical survival. The term competition is utilised widely in different fields, where the marketing perspective suggests the factor as a rivalry between two individual sellers for gaining a more comprehensive customer base in a market (David David, 2016). Concerning the understanding related to competition, competitive advantage, as explained by Thompson, et al., (2013) refers to a unique position developed by an organization within a particular market for outperforming its key market competitors consistently. Furthermore, the authors reveal that competitive advantage must need to be established by a firm in a sustainable manner via generating a proper value and position, which cannot be imitated by other companies from the relevant market. There is a sustainable level of gap between competitive advantage and sustainable competitive advantage, as the former indicates gaining benefits for a short period where the later deals with long-term benefit (Thompson, et al., 2013). Apart from that, a long-term competitive advantage cannot be replicated easily by other firms. There is a wide range of discussions and arguments present in the marketing context regarding the significant number of challenges experienced by the companies to maintain competitive advantage even in the midst of strict competition. Therefore, this particular essay is formed with the intention of raising momentous knowledge by assessing the critical arguments and experiences from various market professionals regarding the presence of competitive advantage. Fundamental Discussion According to Baker and Sinkula (2015), a competitive advantage is maintained by an organization over the other market players via employing apposite strategies having the capabilities to exploit the internal strengths and respond adequately to the market opportunities. Most importantly, the identified strategies should need to be competent enough to neutralise external threats and avoid internal weaknesses (Thompson, et al., 2013). Sinkula (2015) further mentioned that competitive advantage can be obtained by the firm in a proficiently if it acquires a valuable resource continuously causing the improvement of operational usefulness and competence in a manner that the competing enterprises simply cannot imitate. Concerning the specific scenario, the study conducted by Bharadwaj and Varadarajan (2015) reflects resources possessed by the firm varies time to time, as these can be tangible or intangible and possibly linked with the business semi-permanently. Various ways are offering a co mpetitive advantage to a company, which can be discussed comprehensively after investigating the fundamental background of the chosen subject. Background of the Topic Numerous firms are operating within the industry where not all of them enjoy a leading advantage or superiority over the others. The leading position in the market availed by the global organizations are considerably contributed by their practical long-running financial returns and superiority of business strategy within the specific industry. This is the particular scenario, which is referred to as enjoying a competitive advantage over the key rivals into the market (Baker Sinkula, 2015). Therefore, it is often a challenging factor for the firms related to the building of competitive advantage. At the same time, countless arguments are raised by the scholars and professional over the course of time involving the identified concern. Citing the information obtained from the arguments developed by Wagner and Holenbeck (2014), an organization must need to put pressure on two individual themes. Firstly, the firm must need to configure its entire operational structure to produce uniquene ss and value for its target market. Secondly, the formation of competitive advantage depends on fully-fledged activities adopted and practiced by the firm. From the first perspective, the business must need to recognise the particular area where it requires creating value, which cannot be duplicated by others (Bharadwaj, Varadarajan, Fahy, 2015). Hence, the first perspective profoundly signifies the need of adding value to the operations or activities conducted by the organization helping it to shape up every aspect of the system more precisely. On the other hand, the full-fledged operations of the firm suggest harmonising the operations as part of production to finance or from marketing to logistics (Wagner Hollenbeck, 2014). Barney (2012) has indicated the essence of generating competitive advantage provides an integrated set of choices to the firm for ensuring the differentiation with the industry rivals. Therefore, the background information suggests the continuous evolution o f managerial activities and approaches of different organizations to analyse the full range of activities for appending values to the overall business. Key Observations and Arguments From the perspective of modern day business environment, ecommerce has become a fundamentally dominant factor in the marketing appreciably shaping up the approaches and policies adopted by the firm. Apparently, ecommerce is forcing the companies to embrace a new set of practices for expanding the market in which they operate. Based on the findings developed by David and David (2016), market expansion policies elaborated by the enterprises highly contributes to the construction of competitive advantage by including various tactics to attract new customers and retain the existing customer base. The company importantly achieves the identified aim via tailoring its products and services according to the changing needs and requirements of the market customers (Barney, 2012). Thompson, et al., (2013) not only indicate the need for modifying the products or services by the firms but also encourage them to restructure various chief business processes and delivery of goods and services in a u seful manner. However, different arguments pointing out the absence of competitive advantage, as many companies adopting the e-business model are still in their investment and brand-rebuilding phrase despite the dynamic and sustained growth of e-commerce (Sahay, 2013). Baker and Sinkula (2015) have explicitly prioritised the e-business activities to measure the application of competitive advantage. The particular study reveals that the rapid number of electronic businesses in the modern day is increasingly accentuating on the factors like visual attractiveness and ease of use associated with their online websites as the primary method for enhancing the customer base. The underlying reason for shifting the focus to the identified areas is strengthening the customer base for bolstering the revenue and profitability of the firm. However, the companies require re-evaluating their existing strategies for assessing and determining the availability of up-to-dated techniques offering the bu siness a clear path to profitability (Darnall Milstein, 2014). Discussion and Critical Analysis of Arguments According to Sahay (2013), competitiveness of an entire nation depends heavily on the core capabilities of the industry from the field of innovation and improvement. Because of the involvement of huge amount of pressure and challenge from the external business environment, companies are forced to gain competitive advantage (Campbell, Coff, Kryscynski, 2012). By analysing the fact critically, it can be proposed that a considerable amount of benefit is availed by the countries due to the involvement of healthy domestic rivals, demanding regional customers, and competitive local suppliers. In the ear of dynamic competition in the global atmosphere, increasing the degree of importance is provided to the companies along with the respective countries at the same time. Considering such scenario, Campbell, Coff, and Kryscynski (2012) has argued that the basis of competition has shifted more towards the assimilation of knowledge, as the firms should need to emphasis on enhancing its skills and competence through the operations in a mean to gain competitive advantage. Another study has come up with the fact that the level of competitive advantage is maximised by devising and maintaining highly localised process (Schilke, 2014). Additionally, Schilke (2014) has designated the differences between culture, histories, national values, and economic structures, which are the crucial factors supporting the attainment of competitive for the companies. All of these findings lead to the fact that firms from different industries go through some significant hurdles to developing competitive advantage, which exists for a certain time depending on the capability of the enterprise to adopt accordingly. Justification and Other Comments Some other relevant facts are pointed out by the study developed by Goodman (2013) stating that marketing strategies are the initially elaborated by the organizations for seeking competitive advantage from the target market. The adequate information from the target market helps companies to tailor their products and services as part of the preliminary process. In this particular situation, the application of a marketing mix can be noted significantly providing the proper business insight related to the product, place, price, and promotion driving the elevation of distribution and supply chain functions (Goodman, 2013). From the analysis of these facts, it can be primarily determined that a unique mix of the proposed elements of a marketing mix helps the organization in a given industry to enrich its operations and revenues in the target market while allowing it to compete effectively promoting the profitability and sustainability. Conclusion From the overall consideration of various arguments formed by numerous scholars and professionals, it can be clearly signified that competitive advantage will meet its end in near future due to the emergence of ecommerce. Experts have pointed out the necessary requirement for the firms to develop its online presence in the modern day business environment for the sake of making profits. These companies need to consider some serious factors like increasing customer bargaining power, lower barriers to market entry, growing number of competition, and high investment in the mass marketing to fabricate and sustain competitive advantage. Thus, the combination of the factors is continuously creating barriers for the firms to generate such benefits over the other market players. References Baker, W. E., Sinkula, J. M. (2015). Maintaining Competitive Advantage Through Organizational Unlearning. InProceedings of the 1999 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 206-209). Springer International Publishing. Barney, J. B. (2012). Purchasing, supply chain management and sustained competitive advantage: The relevance of resourceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ based theory.Journal of Supply Chain Management,48(2), 3-6. Bharadwaj, S. G., Varadarajan, P. R., Fahy, J. (2015). Sustainable competitive advantage in service industries: a conceptual model and research propositions. InProceedings of the 1992 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) annual conference, Springer International Publishing(pp. 441-443). Campbell, B. A., Coff, R., Kryscynski, D. (2012). Rethinking sustained competitive advantage from human capital.Academy of Management Review,37(3), 376-395. Darnall, N., Milstein, M. B. (2014). Dama Lovina Villas: can eco-standards and certification create competitive advantage for a luxury resort?.Case Research Journal,3, 1-20. David, F., David, F. R. (2016). Strategic Management: A Competitive Advantage Approach, Concepts and Cases. Goodman, K. W. (2013).Joint ventures and competitive advantage measured through performance and innovation: Resource dependence and resource-based perspective(Doctoral dissertation, Argosy University/SeaTtle). Sahay, A. (2013).A Customer Oriented Approach to Identifying Competitive Advantage(No. WP2013-05-08). Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, Research and Publication Department. Schilke, O. (2014). On the contingent value of dynamic capabilities for competitive advantage: The nonlinear moderating effect of environmental dynamism.Strategic Management Journal,35(2), 179-203. Thompson, A., Peteraf, M., Gamble, J., Strictland, A. J. (2013). Crafting Executing Strategy: The Quest for Competitive Advantage: Concepts and Cases Referenced from: https://w3. salemstate. edu/~ edesmarais/courses/470general/semesters/Archived% 20semesters. Thompson, A., Peteraf, M., Gamble, J., Strickland III, A. J., Jain, A. K. (2013).Crafting Executing Strategy 19/e: The Quest for Competitive Advantage: Concepts and Cases. McGraw-Hill Education. Wagner III, J. A., Hollenbeck, J. R. (2014).Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Routledge.